1972 Fibber Mcgee Autographs Johnson Wax Celebrity Guest List Signed

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Seller: memorabilia111 ✉️ (808) 100%, Location: Ann Arbor, Michigan, US, Ships to: US & many other countries, Item: 176278959874 1972 FIBBER MCGEE AUTOGRAPHS JOHNSON WAX CELEBRITY GUEST LIST SIGNED. FIBBER MCGEE -- GLO-COAT PRESS CONFERENCE SPONSORED BY JOHNSON WAX, DECEMBER 5, 1972 CELEBRITY GUEST LIST 2PP SIGNED BY BENNY BAKER, WALT KINSELLA, ABBY LEWIS, GILBERT MACK, MARTHA RAYE, (JOHN SEYMOUR?), ARNOLD STANG, ARTHUR TRACEY
Benny Baker (sometimes credited as Ben Baker ) is an American actor , born on May 5 , 1907 in Saint Joseph , Missouri , died on September 20 , 1994 in Los Angeles ( Woodland Hills neighborhood, California ). Summary  1 Biography 2 Broadway Theater (full) 3 Partial filmography 3.1 Cinema 3.2 Television 4 External links Biography   He began his acting career in the theater and notably played Broadway in 1931 , in five musicals and two plays , including the musical Du Barry Was a Lady on a music by Cole Porter ( 1939 - 1940 , with Ethel Merman and Bert Lahr ) and William Shakespeare's The Tempest ( 1945 , with Arnold Moss and Vera Zorina ). After a second play in 1946 on Broadway, he returns there one last time in the musical No, No, Nanette (replacing Jack Gilford ) on a music by Vincent Youmans , represented from 1971 to 1973 . In film , Benny Baker contributes seventy-nine American films , the first ten released in 1934 , including seven short films and the feature film It's Not a Sin by Leo McCarey (with Mae West and Roger Pryor ). Later on, Michael Curtiz's The Knights of the Sky ( 1942 , with James Cagney and Dennis Morgan ), The Oklahoma Devils by John H. Auer ( 1952 , with Barton MacLane and Ben Cooper ), the Western musical The Kermesse Joshua Logan's West ( 1969 , with Lee Marvin and Clint Eastwood ) and Jeremy Kagan's The Scam 2 ( 1983 , with Jackie Gleason and Teri Garr ). His latest film is a short film released in 1991 , three years before his death (in 1994 , at 87). On television , in addition to three tele- movies broadcast in 1984 , he appeared in fifty-two series between 1952 and 1988 , including Cheyenne (three episodes, 1957 - 1962 ), Perry Mason (three episodes, 1963 - 1965 ), Funny ladies (one episode, 1977 ) and Beauty and the Beast (his penultimate series, an episode, 1987 ). Broadway Theater (full)  1931 : You Said It , musical, music by Harold Arlen , lyrics by Jack Yellen , libretto by Sid Silvers and Jack Yellen: Fuzzy Shawowsky 1939 - 1940 : Du Barry Was a Lady , musical comedy, music and lyrics by Cole Porter , libretto by Herbert Fields and Buddy DeSylva , choreography by Robert Alton , sets and costumes by Raoul Pène Du Bois : Charley / Le Dauphin de France 1941 - 1943 : Let's Face It! , comedy, music and lyrics by Cole Porter , libretto by Dorothy and Herbert Fields , choreography by Charles Walters : Frankie Burns 1944 : Jackpot , musical, music by Vernon Duke , lyrics by Howard Dietz , libretto by Guy Bolton , Sidney Sheldon and Ben Roberts : Winkie Cotter 1945 : The Tempest , William Shakespeare's play : Stephano 1946 : The Front Page , play by Ben Hecht and Charles McArthur , staged by the latter: McCue 1971 - 1973 : No, No, Nanette , musical, music by Vincent Youmans , lyrics by Irving Caesar and Otto Harbach , libretto by Otto Harbach and Frank Mandel , sets and costumes by Raoul Pène Du Bois : Jimmy Smith (replacement) Partial filmography  Cinema   From g. to d. : Lew Ayres , Joyce Compton and Benny Baker, in Murder with Pictures ( 1936 ) 1934 : It's not a sin ( Belle of the Nineties ) by Leo McCarey : "Blackie" 1935 : Alexander Hall's Evening of Glory ( Annapolis Farewell ): Zimmer 1935 : Norman Taurog's Burlesque Symphony ( The Big Broadcast of 1936 ): Herman 1936 : Murder with Pictures by Charles Barton : Phil Doane 1937 : Leaving or Doubling ( Double or Nothing ) by Theodore Reed : A Sailor 1937 : Champagne Waltz Champagne by A. Edward Sutherland : "Flip" 1942 : Captains of the Clouds by Michael Curtiz : "Popcorn" Kearns 1943 : Frank Borzage's Cabaret of the Stars ( Stage Door Canteen ): himself ( cameo ) 1949 : Long live the Mayor ( The Inspector General ) by Henry Koster : Telecki 1952 : Sharks Make the Law ( Loan Shark ) by Seymour Friedman : Tubby 1952 : The Oklahoma Devils ( Thunderbirds ) by John H. Auer : Private Charles Klassen 1957 : Norman Z. McLeod's Pigeon Pigeon ( Public Pigeon No. One ): Frankie Frannis 1958 : Two Wacky Mervyn LeRoy's No Time for Sergeants : Captain Jim Able 1966 : What number this false number! ( Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number! ) By George Marshall : Detective Lieutenant Schwartz 1969 : Joshua Logan's The West Kermesse ( Paint Your Wagon ): Haywood Holbrook 1971 : Robert Butler's Scandalous John : Dr. Kropak 1983 : The Sting II by Jeremy Kagan : Pyle 1986 : Bob Dahlin's Monster in the Closet : Mr. McGinty Television   In The Red Skelton Show , episode Clem the Dentist ( 1958 ) (series, unless otherwise stated) 1957 : Maverick Season 1, episode 2 Budd Boetticher's Blank Point : Mike Brill 1957 : Mr. and Mrs. Detective ( The Thin Man ) Season 1, Episode 6 This is Oscar Rudolph 's idea ( That's the Spirit ): Curly Bascom 1957 - 1958 : The Red Skelton Show Season 7, Episode 10 The Round Table (1957 - Sir Lancelot) and Episode 21 Clem the Dentist (1958 - LG Heath Jr.) 1957 - 1962 : Cheyenne Season 2, Episode 16 The Brand (1957) by Thomas Carr : Tulliver Season 7, episode 9 The Vanishing Breed (1962 - "Doc" Johnson) by Robert Sparr and episode 10 Vengeance Is Mine (1962 - the barber) by Robert Sparr 1958 : Sugarfoot Franklin Adreon Season 1, Episode 16 Guns for Big Bear : Irving 1958 : Alfred Hitchcock presents ( Alfred Hitchcock Presents ) Season 3, episode 31 Arthur Hiller's Festive Season : Al, the bartender 1962 - 1963 : 77 Sunset Strip Season 5, episode 7 Wolf! Cried the Blonde (1962 - the photographer) by Robert Douglas , episode 8 The Dark Wood (1962 - Fred Webber) by Richard C. Sarafian and episode 28 Walk Among Tigers (1963 - Maxie Tuttle) by Robert Sparr 1963 - 1965 : Perry Mason , first series Season 7, Episode 2 The Case of the Shifty Shoebox (1963) by Arthur Marks : John Flickinger "Uncle Flick" Season 8, Episode 26 The Case of the Gambling Lady (1965) by Richard Donner : Jerome Bentley Season 9, Episode 6 The Case of the Carefree Coronary (1965) by Jesse Hibbs : Jerry Ormond 1967 : Felony Squad Season 2, episode 5 The Death Bag : the taxi driver 1970 : The Iron Man ( Ironside ) Season 4, Episode 8 Failure and Murder , Part II ( Check Mate and Murder , Part II) by David Lowell Rich : The Teller 1977 : Charlie's Angels Season 1 , episode 20 Cliff Bole's Dancing in the Dark : Murphy Myrphy 1978 : The Love Boat , first series Season 1, Episode 18 Jack Arnold's Big Jack : Jack Daniels' Grandfather (Million Dollar Man / The Sisters ) 1978 : Kojak , first series Season 5, Episode 19 May the Horse Be with You by Charles S. Dubin : Danny Fogarty 1981 : Laverne and Shirley Season 6, Episode 13 I Do, I Do : Reverend Ernie 1983 : Cagney and Lacey ( Cagney & Lacey ) Season 2, episode 17 Burn Out by Don Weis : Wally 1984 : The Jerk, Too , TV movie by Michael Schultz : "Pop" 1987 : Beauty and the Beast Season 1, Episode 3 Paul Lynch's State of Siege : Herman 1988 : Away from this world ( Out of This World ) Season 1, episode 23 The Three Faces of Evie : the old man Actor. Born St. Joseph, Missouri; married (one daughter); died Los Angeles September 20, 1994. The chubby comedian, Benny Baker appeared but never starred in over a hundred Hollywood movies from the Thirties to the Eighties. Baker was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1907, and went to the Kellom Grade School, in Omaha, graduating from the Lincoln High School, Nebraska. His first job was in the advertising department of the Lincoln Journal. Later he drove a grocery truck, but all the time had the urge to entertain. He made his stage debut in ‘Andy Gump Runs for Congress'. In 1935 he was featured in six pictures, including ‘Love in Bloom' with Bing Crosby, ‘The Big Broadcast' with a huge all- star cast of radio favorites, and ‘Wanderer of the Wasteland', in which he was comic relief in a Zane Grey western. Nine films followed in 1936, from ‘Rose of the Rancho' to ‘Panic on the Air'. Next year there were five more including ‘Hotel Haywire', an early script by Preston Sturges, and ‘Blonde Trouble'. Later high spots were ‘Tip-off Girls' (1938) starring Lloyd Nolan, ‘She Married a Cop' (1939), and ‘The Farmer's Daughter' (1940). Of them all, perhaps Benny Baker is best remembered for his cameo role as one of Danny Kaye's army buddies in Samuel Goldwyn's Technicolor musical comedy ‘Up In Arms' (1944). He appeared in over 125 movie/TV episodes, including Perry Mason.
enny Baker, the wide-eyed, round-faced film comic who portrayed bellboys, Westrn Union messengers and bank clerks in more than 75 films dating back to the early 1930s two-reelers of producer Hal Roach, has died. A spokeswoman for the Motion Picture and Television Fund Hospital said he died Tuesday at the Woodland Hills facility at age 87. His film roles came after he had spent most of the 1920s in vaudeville and burlesque, where his chubby cheeks and quizzical expressions lent themselves to slapstick. His first film was "The Hell Cat" in 1934; his last was "Jory" in 1973. His last appearance on stage was in a 1971 Broadway revival of "No, No, Nanette" with Ruby Keeler and Patsy Kelly, his old friend from their years with Roach. In an interview for the film anthology "Who's Who in Hollywood," Baker complained that "Hollywood agents leave us (older actors) out in the cold." He joked that he was working on his memoirs, which he had titled "My Phone Is Empty. " "They're only looking for people under 30," he said. His other pictures included "The Big Broadcast of 1936," "The Inspector General," "Papa's Delicate Condition" and "Paint Your Wagon." Survivors include his wife, Edith, a daughter, Zoe, and two grandchildren. Walter Kinsella (born August 16, 1900 in New York City, died May 11, 1975 in Englewood, New Jersey)[1] was an American theater, television and radio actor. In his youth, Kinsella was active as a middle-distance runner in track events, winning more than 120 prizes in competition sponsored by the Amateur Athletic Union.[2] In the 1920s, he was featured in advertisements for Arrow collars.[3] Kinsella's first Broadway stage appearance was in 1924, in What Price Glory?[4] His other Broadway credits included Blessed Event, Arrest That Woman,[5] and Juno.[3] Kinsella's roles on radio programs included: Program Role Abie's Irish Rose Patrick Murphy[6] Dick Tracy Junior Tracy Pat Patton[6]:99 The Fresh Up Show Irish policeman Doc Fickett[6]:125 Joe and Mabel Mike[6]:176-177 Leave It to Mike Mike McNally[6]:195 Mr. and Mrs. North Sergeant Mullins[6]:232 Mr. District Attorney Harrington[6]:233 Paging Mike McNally Mike McNally[6]:264 Peewee and Windy Windy[6]:267 He also was a regular cast member of The Johnny Morgan Show[6]:179 and That's My Pop.[6]:330 Kinsella's most noted television role was that of Happy McMann in NBC's detective drama Martin Kane, Private Eye.[7] He also was the announcer for the Kane program.[8] He made a guest appearance on Perry Mason in 1961 as defendant Carter Gilman in "The Case of the Duplicate Daughter." Kinsella was married and had a son and a daughter.[2] Walter A. Kinsella, an amateur track star who turned his success as a commercial model into a long‐acting career, died Sunday at the Inglemoor Nursing Home in Englewood, N. J. He was 74 years old. A longtime resident of the Lambs Club here, Mr. Kinsella lived for a year at 40 Central Park South before being admitted to the nursing home in January. Mr Kinsella, who was born in New York City, left high school to join the Marine Corps in 1918. He returned after three years of service and found work as a commercial model. A slender 6‐footer with dark brown hair, Mr. Kinsella was a natty dresser whose goods looks kept him in demand. He posed for a number of advertisers in the Nineteen‐Twenties and was one of a succession of Arrow‐shirt men. He made the transition to acting appearing in a number of Broadway hits including his first play, “What Price Glory?” in 1924, “The Road to Rome” (1927) and “Blessed Event” (1932). He also found time in the twenties to pursue an athletic career, winning more than 100 prizes as a middle distance run ner for the St. Anselm and Seventh Regiment athletic clubs. Mr. Kinsella also had a career‐in radio, playing the part of Pat Patton on the “Dick Tracy” program and working as arregular on such serials as “Mr. and Mrs. North” (eight years and “Stella Dallas” (five years. Continue reading the main story From 1949 to 1954, Mr. Kinsella announced the commercials and played the TV part of a retired police lieutenant who operated a cigar store in the building where “Martin Kane, Private Eye,” had his office. In addition to other television roles, he appeared on the “Jackie Gleason Show,” usually playing the part of a rambunctious Irishman. Mr. Kinsella, whose marriage ended in divorce, is survived by a daughter, Kathleen J. Hunter; a son Kevin J. Kinsella; a sister. Marguerite Erskine; brother, Albert Kinsella, and three grandchildren. Benny Baker, the chubby-cheeked comedian whose slapstick comedy took him from the vaudeville stage to Hollywood and Broadway, died on Tuesday at the Motion Picture and Television Fund Hospital in suburban Woodland Hills. He was 87. After spending most of the 1920's in vaudeville and burlesque, Mr. Baker, a former truck driver, made a film career playing bellboys, Westrn Union messengers and bank clerks in more than 75 films, including some for the producer Hal Roach. Mr. Baker's films included "The Hell Cat," "Belle of the 90's," "The Big Broadcast of 1936," "The Inspector General," "Papa's Delicate Condition" and "Paint Your Wagon." His last stage appearance was in 1971, in a Broadway revival of "No, No, Nanette" with Ruby Keeler and Patsy Kelly. He is survived by his wife, Edith; a daughter, Zoe, and two grandchildren. Abby Lewis was  born  on November 14, 1910 in Mesilla Park, New Mexico, USA as Camelia Albon Lewis. She was an actress, known for Mathnet (1987), Square One Television (1987) and Law & Order (1990). She was married to John Seymour. She died on November 27, 1997 in New York City, New York, USA. Abby Lewis, an actress whose long career embraced theater, films, television and radio, died on Nov. 27 at her home in Manhattan. She was 87. Ms. Lewis, whose original name was Camelia Albon Lewis, was born in Mesilla Park, N.M. She made her Broadway debut as the Player Queen in a 1934 production of ''Hamlet.'' She had roles in ''You Can't Take It With You'' (1936); ''Macbeth'' (1941),; ''The Chase'' (1952); ''Howie'' (1958), and the 1967 revival of ''Life With Father.'' She was on more than 400 radio shows and on the television program ''Law and Order.'' Her films included ''Patterns,'' ''The Miracle Worker'' and ''Dr. Cook's Garden.'' She is survived by three sisters, Beulah L. Smith and Fredrica L. Yates of San Diego and Sue L. Wimberly of Green Valley, Ariz.; a brother, Hunter W. Lewis of Albuquerque, N.M.; a stepdaughter, Katherine Hollingshead of Irvine, Calif.; a stepson, Peter Seymour of Pasadena, Calif., and seven grandchildren. A memorial for veteran actress Abby Lewis will be held Wed., Jan. 14, her birthday, at 3:30pm at The Little Church Around the Corner at 1 East 29th Street. All are welcome. A highly regarded working actress for 65 years, Lewis died in her sleep at her Greenwich Village apartment on Thanksgiving Day. She was 87 years old. She was buried in her hometown in New Mexico on Dec. 4. Among her many Broadway credits were "You Can't Take It With You," the Pulitzer Prize-winning comedy by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart, and the Kander & Ebb musical, "70, Girls, 70." Lewis was a veteran of more than 400 radio programs and a pioneer in television. Indeed, two nights before her death, she participated in a sketch on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien," and was seen posthumously on the Dec. l7 "Law & Order" episode. A long-standing member of the Actors' Fund, Lewis was also president of Rose Laird, a successful cosmetics company. A descendant of Meriwether Lewis of the legendary Lewis and Clark expedition, she was married to actor John D. Seymour--a scion of two distinguished theatrical families, the Davenport Seymours--from 1951 until his death 10 years ago. She is survived by three sisters and a brother, her husband's son and daughter, and seven grandchildren Gilbert Mack was born on November 3, 1912 in New York City, New York, USA as Max Goldberg. He was an actor, known for Puss in Boots (1969), Gigantor (1964) and SuperBook (1981). He was married to Rose Eliezer. He died on December 5, 2005 in Lynbrook, Long Island, New York. Gilbert Mack's voice was heard in many TV and theatrical cartoons. He appeared in the following 55 episodes of Radio Mystery Theater Date Episode Title Plot 01/09/1974 0004 Lost Dog A husband cannot appreciate his wife's phobia of dogs. Once he gets one home, his wife sets it against him. 01/15/1974 0010 The Resident A move from the countryside to town leaves a retired lady prey to a cat named Evil and a young girl who forcefully moves in with her! 01/17/1974 0012 You Can Die Again A husband believes himself culpable for the murder of his wife. He is also convinced of his affair with another woman. But he simply can't persuade a police officer to believe either. 01/31/1974 0026 The Man Who Asked for Yesterday A man is murdered by his wife. After death, he wishes to be granted the chance to live the finale of his life over again 02/02/1974 0028 A Ghostly Game of Death A prospective buyer for an ancient dwelling recruits the services of a ghost hunter to get rid of the spirit of the wife of a sea captain. 02/08/1974 0033 Conspiracy to Defraud The hero is a federal detective sent to France in order to track down heroin supplies. The villain is a Greek drug dealer who is not ready to even spare his girlfriend. 03/04/1974 0050 This Will Kill You Negative reviews can get you into trouble - especially if the book under review is written by a demon-worshipper! A journalist finds this out to his own cost as the inflamed writer puts a death curse on him. He can only be rid of the curse if he passes it on to another. 04/11/1974 0073 Strange Company A wealthy aged woman is terrorized by invisible visitors. Her hard-hearted nephew and his wife can't care less and slowly decide to take advantage of her apparent hallucinations to steal from her. 05/16/1974 0093 The Trouble with Ruth Despite her best attempts, a kleptomaniac falls back into her old ways and is found out by some thieves. They blackmail her to rob a diamond pin or they will reveal her true nature to her husband. 05/21/1974 0095 The Longest Knife A mother makes a promise to avenge her son who has been murdered by a third world dictator. 06/03/1974 0100 To Kill with Confidence While traveling across the country, a couple of newlyweds are forced to stop at a nearby town due to engine trouble. The wife makes a quick visit to the local stores to grab lunch and comes back to find that both her husband and the repair shop have mysteriously vanished. 06/10/1974 0103 A Bargain in Blood When a strange turn of events allows a young man to switch illnesses with the diseased, a young man uses his gift to win the approval of his sweetheart's father. 07/03/1974 0113 The Secret Life of Bobby Deland A couple suffering from the death of their only child take in a young waif to fill the void in their lives. At first the orphan helps alleviate the woman's migraines however, he later repays their kindness by robbing them blind. 07/29/1974 0124 Ghost at High Noon While on a road trip, two women experience car trouble in the middle of the desert. A strange old man driving an outdated wagon assists them and takes them to the nearest town. The women become suspicious and disturbed when they realize that the townsfolk do not seem to hear them. 09/02/1974 0142 The Return of Anatole Chevenic A young man named Hans tries to convince his uncle Anatole to give him a portion of his inheritance earlier. His uncle denies his request and mentions that he has hidden the fortune away as a precaution against attempts on his life. Hans leaves in a fume and starts fantasizing about his uncle's death. 11/04/1974 0169 Bury Me Again A seasoned charlatan somehow survives a massive train accident. He then plots to claim the insurance money belonging to a widow. 12/19/1974 0189 The House of the Voodoo Queen A husband and wife gain possession of a house in New Orleans known to be inhabited by a malicious ghost. Another woman works her charm on the husband in order to get her hands on the house. 01/24/1975 0211 The Flowers of Death Dionysus, a god in Greek mythology appears in modern times and charms a young lady living in a suburb. Her husband brings his boss home so he can evaluate them for a promotion. Apart from this, the neighborhood is buzzing about her special talent with flowers. 02/14/1975 0223 The Shadow of the Past A doctor and his wife escape the clutches of the Nazi death camps and illegitimately migrate to the US. Later, the doctor recognizes one of the camp guards among his patients and kills him to exact his revenge. But he must cover up the act as an intelligent investigator probes the case. 03/27/1975 0246 The Velvet Claws A man talks to his counsellor and recounts the tale of his escape from a mysterious town full of people obsessed with cats. 04/07/1975 0252 The Benjamin Franklin Murder Case Ben Franklin is the hero in this case of an assassination in a Philadelphia mansion in 1750. 05/05/1975 0268 The Paradise of the Devil A night guard is killed and his daughter promises her small inheritance to the person who finds the killer. But the inheritance isn't as meagre an amount as she imagined. 05/30/1975 0283 Someday I'll Find You Ann Markle's husband is presumed dead in a cave-in. But just as she recovers from the trauma, she finds a recent painting by him in a flea market in Mexico. She decides to undertake a cross-country hike to get back her amnesiac husband. 06/12/1975 0290 A Case of Negligence A greedy son sues the hospital and the attending M.D. when his father expires while undergoing a supposedly routine surgery. Trouble and all sorts of problem arise from the lawsuit. 07/03/1975 0302 Murder Will Out In order to exact revenge on the man who murdered his father, a police officer from New York travels to Maine in search of the killer. He is forced to examine his values and beliefs when he finally finds him. 07/18/1975 0311 The Spots of the Leopard After exposing a ring of organized crime within the company he was employed with, a dock worker and his wife are placed under the witness protection program to safeguard their lives. Unable to adapt to her new circumstances, his wife vainly tries to return to the life she left behind. 08/19/1975 0329 Welcome for a Dead Man After serving a 21-year prison sentence, a criminal convicted for the murder of a payroll assistant is finally set free. He learns something more important during a journey to recover his ill-gotten wealth. 08/25/1975 0332 Person to Be Notified After landing a position at the remote island home of an eccentric author, a woman begins to suspect his manservant's actions and sets out to expose him. Concerned for welfare, the man who sent her to the island goes after her. 09/02/1975 0337 Portrait of Death A woman fell in love with a rare painting while studying art in Venice years before. Now on her honeymoon, she travels together with her new husband to see the painting once again. When they find that the artwork was substituted by a counterfeit. They come across the woman's old mentor in their search for the original masterpiece. 10/15/1975 0362 The Kiss of Death In spite of the warnings of his advisers, an ambitious young doctor pursues the daughter of the town's local crack-pot after falling madly in love with her. 10/30/1975 0371 Triptych for a Witch Masquerading as an elderly and widowed distant relative, a witch moves in with a young couple who recently married together with her strange pets. 11/13/1975 0378 Home Is Where the Ghost Is In the midst of aiding a colleague in his desire to abandon his post, a scientist is haunted by the ghost of his dead wife. 01/05/1976 0408 Tom Sawyer, Detective All grown up and a successful lawyer, Tom Sawyer is now faced with his most difficult case. He must get an acquittal for his Uncle Silas who has been charged with homicide. 02/09/1976 0428 The Horror of Dead Lake Upon hearing of their inheritance, Claude and Polly Baxter are thrilled to be the proud new owners of Captain Doubloon's castle and its mysterious lake. Their pleasure turns to fear when they learn that the castle is home to Professor Micah, a demented embryologist crossing giant Venus flytraps with birds and their terror reaches fever pitch when they discover the creature that lives in Dead Lake. 02/26/1976 0438 The Providential Ghost When a young girl experiences the loss of her grandfather soon after losing her parents in a tragic accident finds herself in the care of two old aunts who terrify her. Her faith is bolstered when she realizes her grandpa's spirit is still hanging around. 03/22/1976 0452 Stampede With her husband murdered by Comanches and their farm razed to the ground, Ellie Tate Gottenschalk makes her way to Cheyenne as part of a cattle drive. 05/20/1976 0484 The Walking Dead In the future, all androids are mindless robots with one exception-- Rex, who is the most advanced of his kind. Society is threatened when he acquires a macabre obsession-- murdering women. 09/23/1976 0523 Don't Play with Matches Fire Chief Delbert Cassarole is the toast of the town because fires are almost non-existent because of his prevention methods. But the citizens of his sleepy little town don't know his dark secret about how he spends Friday nights. Delbert Casserole is a man with strange hobbies: Lying, murder, arson -- and on Friday nights, he goes to town. 11/11/1976 0550 Strike Force Dr. Orville Sanderson Jr. was brought up by his step-father Bob Watson. His mother, Andrea, was married to Bob after Orville's father went missing during the war. When a man possibly having know Orville Sr. turns up in the morgue, Orville Jr. begins to question everything he believes about his real father. 01/04/1977 0577 This Breed Is Doomed A professional swindler bamboozles the residents of a small town and ends up absconding with an unwanted and unexpected piece of baggage. 01/12/1977 0582 Tobin's Palm In order to discover the whereabouts of his absent-minded and missing girlfriend, Tobin visits an eccentric occultist to have his palm read. What he learns from the fortune-teller soon sends him on a wild goose chase, much to the amusement of his friend. 03/29/1977 0625 The Coldest Killer Completely enamored with her husband\'s business partner, a faithless wife and her lover scheme to dispatch the two hindrances to their affair: her nosy mother-in-law and her husband himself.  07/01/1977 0675 Revenge Set in an 1880's western town, a wealthy man comes to town bent on revenge on three men who wronged him many years prior. His reasons for revenge are startling. 09/13/1977 0708 The Way to Dusty Death A strange story of hatred set in the back woods, where a baron would rather let a dead man's body get decomposed in the open, unattended by any ritual or funeral. When the deceased man's daughters fail to reason with him, the baron's son steps in to plead with him. 10/27/1977 0730 The House by the Seine A French underground movement member becomes a legendary actress. One day, she receives a parcel of a recently used pistol and is quickly framed the assassination of her boyfriend. She must use her unique talents and presence of mind to discover the identity of the real murderer. 01/16/1978 0765 In Another Place A rich young couple believe they they have gotten away with a crime executed faultlessly, but the police chief knows better although he doesn't have evidence. 01/26/1978 0771 The Safety Match A young but gifted detective and a seasoned but pompous one come together to solve a mysterious murder. The only clue is a burnt safety match found at the scene of the crime. But even with that sparing bit of evidence they achieve an astonishing progress - until everything stops making sense all of a sudden. 03/17/1978 0800 Identified Flying Objects Bizarre comedy where a broke alien is picked up for breaking traffic rules and his space vehicle is confiscated. But luck favours him finally as a young woman from Earth falls for him and lends him the required paltry fine amount. They then set off an a journey to his homeland in the stars to live happily ever after. 05/19/1978 0836 The Hundred Dollar Difference A down-on-his-luck gambler enlists the help of his girlfriend to kill his wealthy aunt and get hold of her fortunes. Unfortunately, when he appears at the scene, he finds that the job has already been carried out for him. 08/07/1978 0876 The Sixth Commandment An older brother lusts after the younger brother's wife even as they all try to survive on a decrepit farm. He also hides a dark past. 03/07/1979 0960 Watcher of the Living A high school principal and teacher are sent to an alternate world during a failed lab experiment. In this strange dimension, they encounter a race of floating faces that are cursed to forever witness the wrongdoings of others but are incapable of correcting them. 06/27/1979 0992 The Giuseppe Verdi Autobus While on vacation in Italy, a widow falls for a vacationing widower from L.A. Problems arise when she discovers that he has not been honest with her as she packs his belongings in preparation for their trip back to the U.S. 11/19/1979 1031 The God That Failed On the way home after visiting a third world country on a diplomatic mission, a U.S. senator is knocked unconscious during a plane crash. He wakes up in the midst of a primitive tribe willing to hail him as a god once he fulfills two requirements: to marry a local woman and perform a miracle. 07/07/1980 1100 Silent Partners On a business trip, a wealthy industrialist and his secretary are kidnapped. Their adventure begins when they escape their captors and make their way through the jungles of South America. 03/09/1981 1169 Murder on the Space Shuttle In this outer space murder mystery, the legendary Sherlock Holmes meets the equally famous Buck Rogers. 2 Responses to Mack Gilbert   I think he's the one who was called upon to make the caveman* noises in "Yesterday's giant". God bless him. *With their much more than 1,000 shows, this may have been the only one with that theme. kurt Reply   Gilbert Mack was born on November 3, 1912 in New York City, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for Billy Bounce (1963), Sorry, Wrong Number (1946) and Johnny Jupiter (1953) Mack was the U.S. voice of “Mr. Pompus” on the original Astro Boy (1963) and was a member of the New York troup of voice actors who dubbed everything from Gigantor to Godzilla in the 1960s. Mack was also heard as Hawkman on the original 1960s Filmation Superman/Aquaman Hour and recorded numerous Little Golden Records as various Hanna Barbera characters. Prior to his cartoon work, Mack was a vaudevillian and a character actor on radio and early televsion – with numerous appearances on such classic shows as Dick Tracy and The Inner Sanctum Martha Raye (August 27, 1916 – October 19, 1994) was an American comic actress and singer who performed in movies, and later on television. She also acted in plays, including Broadway.[1] She was honored in 1969 at the Academy Awards as the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award recipient for her volunteer efforts and services to the troops. Contents 1 Early years 2 Career 2.1 Television career 2.2 Later career 3 Personal life 3.1 Death 4 Archive 5 Filmography 5.1 Film 5.2 Television 5.3 Stage Work 6 References 7 External links Early years Raye's life as a singer and comedic performer began in very early childhood. She was born at St. James Hospital in Butte, Montana, as Margy Reed;[2][3] some sources give her real name as Maggie O'Reed.[4][5] Her father, Peter F. Reed Jr., was an Irish immigrant; her mother, Maybelle Hazel (Hooper) Reed, was raised in Milwaukee and Montana.[6] Her parents were performing in a local vaudeville theatre as "Reed and Hooper" when their daughter was born.[7] Two days later, her mother was performing again. Martha first appeared in their act when she was three years old. She later performed with her brother "Bud", and the children became so popular that their parents' act was renamed "Margie and Bud." Career In the early 1930s, Raye was a band vocalist with the Paul Ash and Boris Morros orchestras. She made her first film appearance in 1934 in a band short titled A Nite in the Nite Club. In 1936, she was signed for comic roles by Paramount Pictures, and made her first picture for Paramount. Her first feature film was Rhythm on the Range with crooner Bing Crosby. From 1936–39, she was a featured cast member in 39 episodes of Al Jolson's weekly CBS radio show, The Lifebuoy Program, also called Cafe Trocadero. In addition to comedy, Martha sang both solos and duets with Jolson. Over the next quarter century, she would appear with many of the leading comics of her day, including Joe E. Brown, Bob Hope, W. C. Fields, Abbott and Costello (in Keep 'Em Flying), Charlie Chaplin (in Monsieur Verdoux), and Jimmy Durante. She joined the USO in 1942, soon after the US entered World War II.[8] She was known for the size of her mouth, which was large in proportion to her face, earning her the nickname The Big Mouth. She later referred to this in a series of television commercials for Polident denture cleaner in the 1980s: "So take it from The Big Mouth: new Polident Green gets tough stains clean!" Her large mouth would relegate her motion picture work to supporting comic parts, and was often made up so it appeared even larger. In the Disney cartoon Mother Goose Goes Hollywood, she is caricatured while dancing alongside Joe E. Brown, another actor known for a big mouth. In the Warner Bros. cartoon The Woods Are Full Of Cuckoos (1937), she was caricatured as a jazzy scat-singing donkey named 'Moutha Bray'.[9] In 1968, she was awarded the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in the form of an Oscar. On November 2, 1993, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton for her service to her country.[8] The citation reads: A talented performer whose career spans the better part of a century, Martha Raye has delighted audiences and uplifted spirits around the globe. She brought her tremendous comedic and musical skills to her work in film, stage, and television, helping to shape American entertainment. The great courage, kindness, and patriotism she showed in her many tours during World War II, the Korean conflict, and the Vietnam conflict earned her the nickname 'Colonel Maggie'. The American people honor Martha Raye, a woman who has tirelessly used her gifts to benefit the lives of her fellow Americans.[10] Television career She was a television star very early in its history. For a time she starred in the eponymous The Martha Raye Show (1954–1956), opposite retired middleweight boxer Rocky Graziano, who played her boyfriend. (Raye was known to call Graziano "goombah", Sicilian slang for the Italian 'compare' [best friend][citation needed]). (The writer and producer was future The Phil Silvers Show creator Nat Hiken.) Some of the guest stars on the show were Zsa Zsa Gabor, Cesar Romero, and Broadway dancer Wayne Lamb. She also appeared on other TV shows in the 1950s, such as What's My Line?. Following the demise of her TV variety show, the breakup of her fifth marriage, and a series of other personal and health problems, she attempted suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills on August 14, 1956. Well-wishers gave her a St. Christopher's medal, a St. Genesius medal, and a Star of David. After her recovery, she wore these amulets faithfully, although she was neither Roman Catholic nor Jewish. At the conclusion of each episode of her TV shows, she would thank the nuns at the Sisters of St. Francis Hospital in Miami, Florida, where she had recovered. She would always say, "Goodnight, Sisters" as a sign of appreciation and gratitude. Later in her career, she made television commercials for Polident denture cleanser, principally during the 1970s and 1980s. Later career In 1970, she portrayed Boss Witch, the "Queen of all Witchdom", in the feature film Pufnstuf for Sid and Marty Krofft. This led to her being cast as villainess Benita Bizarre in The Bugaloos (1970), which the Kroffts produced the same year. She often appeared as a guest on other programs, particularly those which often featured older performers as guest stars, such as ABC's The Love Boat, and also on variety programs, including the short-lived The Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Show. She appeared from the third to the ninth seasons as Carrie Sharples on Alice, making two or three appearances a season. She made guest appearances or did cameo roles in such series as Murder, She Wrote on CBS and The Andy Williams Show and McMillan & Wife, both on NBC. She appeared again as Agatha for the six-episode run of the retooled McMillan, taking over for Nancy Walker, who had left the series. Her last film appearance was as an incontinent airline passenger in the disaster film The Concorde ... Airport '79 (1979). Personal life Raye's personal life was complex and emotionally tumultuous.[11] She was married seven times. Raye was a devout Methodist who regularly attended church, read the Bible daily, and even taught Sunday school classes.[12] Because her religious views were often misconstrued throughout her life, she was noted for having said, "One paper says I'm Catholic and the other says I'm Jewish. I guess that's fitting because as a Methodist I'm meant to be undetermined some of the time".[13] Her engagement to orchestra leader Johnny Torrence was announced in June 1936.[14] Less than two months later she commented, "They tell me I've gone Hollywood already because I got engaged to Johnny Torrence one day and broke it off the next."[15] She was married to make-up artist Hamilton "Buddy" Westmore from May 30, 1937, until September 1937, filing for divorce on the basis of extreme cruelty; to composer-conductor David Rose from October 8, 1938 to May 19, 1941; to Neal Lang from May 25, 1941 to February 3, 1944; to Nick Condos from February 22, 1944 to June 17, 1953; to Edward T. Begley from April 21, 1954 to October 6, 1956; to Robert O'Shea from November 7, 1956 to December 1, 1960; and to Mark Harris from September 25, 1991 until her death in 1994. She had one child, a daughter, Melodye Condos (born July 26, 1944), with fourth husband Condos. This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Politically, Raye was conservative, affirming her political views by informing an interviewer in 1984, "I am a Republican because I believe in the constitution, strength in national defense, limited government, individual freedom, and personal responsibility as the concrete foundation for American government. They reinforce the resolve that the United States is the greatest country in the world and we can all be eternally grateful to our founding fathers for the beautiful legacy they left us today."[16][17] Martha Raye was the fifth person to be awarded Honorary Green Beret. While in Vietnam she would assist those in combat hospitals instead of performing because she was a LPN. Death Her final years were plagued by ill health. She suffered from Alzheimer's disease and had lost both legs in 1993 from poor circulation. While in poor health and resting in the hospital bed that had to be placed in her home, Martha and husband Mark Harris (who, because of their controversial May/December relationship, became frequent guests on the popular Howard Stern radio program) moved into a hotel after their home was completely destroyed by the 1994 earthquake. Raye died in Los Angeles at 78 of pneumonia on October 19, 1994, after a long history of cardiovascular disease. In appreciation of her work with the USO during World War II and subsequent wars, special consideration was given to bury her in Arlington National Cemetery on her death. However, based upon her request, she was buried with full military honors in the Fort Bragg, North Carolina, post cemetery as an honorary colonel in the U.S. Marines and an honorary lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army.[8] She is the only civilian buried at this location who receives military honors each Veterans Day.[citation needed] Raye has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame—one for motion pictures at 6251 Hollywood Boulevard and the other for television at 6547 Hollywood Blvd. Archive The moving image collection of Martha Raye is held at the Academy Film Archive. The collection consists of an audio tape and home movies.[18] Filmography Film A Nite in a Nite Club (1934) Rhythm on the Range (1936) The Big Broadcast of 1937 (1936) Hideaway Girl (1936) College Holiday (1936) Cinema Circus (1937) Waikiki Wedding (1937) Mountain Music (1937) Artists & Models (1937) Double or Nothing (1937) The Big Broadcast of 1938 (1938) College Swing (1938) Tropic Holiday (1938) Give Me a Sailor (1938) Never Say Die (1939) $1,000 a Touchdown (1939) The Farmer's Daughter (1940) The Boys from Syracuse (1940) Navy Blues (1941) Keep 'Em Flying (1941) Hellzapoppin' (1941) Four Jills in a Jeep (1944) Pin Up Girl (1944) Monsieur Verdoux (1947) as Annabella Bonheur Billy Rose's Jumbo (1962) No Substitute for Victory (1970) (documentary) The Phynx (1970) Pufnstuf (1970) The Concorde ... Airport '79 (1979) Television What's My Line? (mystery guest December 11, 1955)[19] Four Star Revue (host from 1951–1953) The Martha Raye Show (1954–1956) Club Oasis (1957–1958) The Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Show (episode "Circus", December 8, 1962) The Red Skelton Show (1963) The Judy Garland Show (1964) The Hollywood Palace (April 2, 1966) The Carol Burnett Show (1969) The Bugaloos (1970–1972) McMillan and Wife (1976) Twas the Night Before Christmas (1977) Skinflint: A Country Christmas Carol (1979) The Gossip Columnist (1980) Pippin: His Life and Times (1981) Alice (12 episodes, 1979-1984) Murder, She Wrote, episode "Armed Response" (1985) Alice in Wonderland (1985) Stage Work Calling All Stars (1934) Hold On to Your Hats (1940) Annie Get Your Gun (1951) Anything Goes (1958) Wildcat (1962) Call Me Madam (1963) The Solid Gold Cadillac (1964) Hello Dolly! (1967) Goodbye Charlie (1968) Hello, Sucker! (1969) (closed on the road) Everybody Loves Opal (1970; 1988) No, No, Nanette (1972) (replacement for Patsy Kelly) 4 Girls 4 (1982) Annie (1983) The Prince of Central Park (1989) (replaced by Jo Anne Worley prior to opening) Arnold Stang (September 28, 1918 – December 20, 2009)[1] was an American comic actor and voice actor, whose comic persona was a small and bespectacled, yet brash and knowing big-city type. Contents 1 Career 1.1 Later career 2 Personal life 3 Death 4 Filmography 5 References 6 External links Career Stang once claimed he gained his break in radio by sending a postcard to a New York station requesting an audition, was accepted, and then bought his own ticket to New York from Chelsea, Massachusetts, with the money set aside for his mother's anniversary gift.[2] True or not, Stang worked on New York-based network radio shows as a boy, appearing on children's programs such as The Horn and Hardart Children's Hour and Let's Pretend.[3] By 1940, he had graduated to teenaged roles, appearing as Seymour[4] on The Goldbergs. Director Don Bernard hired him in October 1941 to do the commercials on the CBS program Meet Mr. Meek but decided his constantly cracking voice would hurt the commercial so he ordered scriptwriters to come up with a role for him.[5] He next appeared on the summer replacement show The Remarkable Miss Tuttle with Edna May Oliver in 1942[6] and replaced Eddie Firestone Jr. in the title role of That Brewster Boy when Firestone joined the U.S. Marine Corps in 1943.[7] Comedian Henry Morgan made him a sidekick on his program in fall of 1946 and Stang appeared in similar roles the following year on radio shows with Eddie Cantor[8] and Milton Berle.[2] He also did the voice of Jughead for a short while on Archie Andrews radio show when it was broadcast by NBC. At this time Stang had appeared in a number of movies, including Seven Days Leave, My Sister Eileen, So This Is New York with Henry Morgan, and They Got Me Covered. He had also appeared on the Broadway stage in Sailor Beware, All In Favor and Same Time Next Week, where he first worked with Berle.[9] Stang moved to television at the start of the Golden Age. He had a recurring role in the TV show The School House on the DuMont Television Network in 1949. He was a regular on Eddie Mayehoff's short-lived situation comedy Doc Corkle in fall of 1952[10] as well as comedy relief on Captain Video and His Video Rangers as Clumsy McGee. Then he made a guest appearance on Milton Berle's Texaco Star Theater on May 12, 1953[11] and joined him as a regular as Francis the Stagehand the following September, often berating or heckling the big-egoed star for big laughs. Stang also had guest roles on several variety shows of the day including The Colgate Comedy Hour. In early 1951, Stang appeared on Henry Morgan's Great Talent Hunt, a take-off of The Original Amateur Hour, as "Gerard", supposedly recruiting "talent" for Morgan. In films, he played Sparrow in The Man with the Golden Arm (1955) with Frank Sinatra and Kim Novak. In It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) he played Ray, who, along with his partner Irwin (Marvin Kaplan), owns a gas station that Jonathan Winters destroys. He appeared in Hello Down There (1969). In one of the oddest movie pairings, he partnered with Arnold Schwarzenegger (billed as "Arnold Strong 'Mr. Universe'") in the latter's first film, Hercules in New York (1969). Stang worked often as a voice actor for animated cartoons.[12] He is perhaps best remembered in this field as the voice of "T.C.," the sly alley cat in the Hanna-Barbera series Top Cat (modeled explicitly after Sgt. Bilko in The Phil Silvers Show). The show lasted one season in prime time, 1961–62, before going into reruns. Stang also provided the voice for Popeye's pal Shorty (a caricature of Stang), Herman the mouse in a number of Famous Studios cartoons, Tubby Tompkins in a few Little Lulu shorts, and Catfish on Misterjaw. He also voiced the character Nurtle the Twurtle in the 1965 animated feature Pinocchio in Outer Space. On television he appeared in commercials for the Chunky candy bar, where he would list many of its ingredients, smile and say, "Chunky, what a chunk of chocolate!" He provided the voice of the Honey Nut Cheerios Bee in the 1980s and was also a spokesman for Vicks Vapo-Rub. As a pitchman for Alcoa aluminum window screens in the late 1960s, he was known for the tag line "Arnold Stang says don't get stung". Stang also appeared in "The Grave Robber," an episode of the popular horror anthology series Tales from the Darkside, playing Tapok, an ancient Egyptian mummy who encounters some unscrupulous archaeologists that lure him into a game of strip poker. Stang once described himself as "a frightened chipmunk who's been out in the rain too long."[2] As for his distinctive squawky, nasal Brooklyn voice, he said "I'm kind of attached to it ... [it's] a personal logo. It's like your Jell-O or Xerox.[13] Later career Arnold Stang reprised Top Cat in Yogi's Treasure Hunt and Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats. Stang also appeared on an episode of The Cosby Show with guest star Sammy Davis, Jr. (He also made a cameo appearance in Cosby's 1990 film Ghost Dad.) In one TV advertisement he played Luther Burbank, proudly showing off his newly invented "square tomato" to fit neatly in typical square slices of commercial bread, then being informed that the advertising bakery had beat him to it by producing round loaves of bread. He played the photographer in the 1993 film Dennis the Menace with Walter Matthau. He also provided many voices for the Cartoon Network series Courage the Cowardly Dog and The Turner Program Services's original series, Captain Planet and the Planeteers. He had a small role as Queasy the Parrot in the 1970s film Raggedy Ann and Andy: A Musical Adventure. In 1994, he guest starred as the voice of Irwin the Mouse in Garfield and Friends episode, "Thoroughly Mixed-Up Mouse". In 2000, writers Kurt Seligmann, Jr. and Martin Olson asked Stang to use his voice to talk to Pikachu in Hey You, Pikachu!. In 2004, Arnold Stang made his last appearance in an interview with animator Earl Kress about the making of Top Cat. It is featured on the Top Cat DVD boxset. Personal life Stang and his wife, the former JoAnne Taggart, lived in New Rochelle, New York and in his later years Greenwich, Connecticut, moving toward the end of his life to Needham, Massachusetts. The couple had two children, David and Deborah.[1] Death Wikinews has related news: American actor Arnold Stang dies at age 91 Stang died of pneumonia in Newton, Massachusetts, on December 20, 2009.[1] Although Stang was born in New York City in 1918, he often claimed Chelsea, Massachusetts as his birthplace and 1925 as his birthdate.[1] His ashes were buried in Newton's cemetery. Filmography 1942: My Sister Eileen as Jimmy (uncredited) 1942: Seven Days' Leave as Bitsy Slater 1943: They Got Me Covered as Drugstore Boy (uncredited) 1945: Let's Go Steady as Chet Carson 1948: So This Is New York as Westrn Union Clerk 1951: Two Gals and a Guy as Bernard 1955: The Man with the Golden Arm as Sparrow 1960: Saiyûki as Lulipopo (English version, voice) 1961: Dondi as Peewee 1962: The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm as Rumpelstiltskin 1962: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World as Ray, service station co-owner 1965: Second Fiddle to a Steel Guitar as Jubal A. Bristol 1965: Pinocchio in Outer Space as Nurtle the Turtle (voice) 1968: Skidoo as Harry 1969: Hello Down There as Jonah 1970: Hercules in New York as Pretzie 1972: Marco Polo Junior Versus the Red Dragon as The Delicate Dinosaur (voice) 1977: Raggedy Ann & Andy: A Musical Adventure as Queasy (voice) 1980: I Go Pogo as Churchy LaFemme (voice) 1990: Ghost Dad as Mr. Cohen, elderly patient 1993: Dennis the Menace as Photographer 1994: Garfield and Friends as Irwin the Mouse (voice) 1999–2001: Courage the Cowardly Dog as Rat, Monk, Small Toes, Additional voices
The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was a New Deal agency created in 1937 to combat rural poverty during the Great Depression in the United States. It succeeded the Resettlement Administration (1935–1937).[1] The FSA is famous for its small but highly influential photography program, 1935–44, that portrayed the challenges of rural poverty. The photographs in the FSA/Office of War Information Photograph Collection form an extensive pictorial record of American life between 1935 and 1944. This U.S. government photography project was headed for most of its existence by Roy Stryker, who guided the effort in a succession of government agencies: the Resettlement Administration (1935–1937), the Farm Security Administration (1937–1942), and the Office of War Information (1942–1944). The collection also includes photographs acquired from other governmental and nongovernmental sources, including the News Bureau at the Offices of Emergency Management (OEM), various branches of the military, and industrial corporations.[2] In total, the black-and-white portion of the collection consists of about 175,000 black-and-white film negatives, encompassing both negatives that were printed for FSA-OWI use and those that were not printed at the time. Color transparencies also made by the FSA/OWI are available in a separate section of the catalog: FSA/OWI Color Photographs.[2] The FSA stressed "rural rehabilitation" efforts to improve the lifestyle of very poor landowning farmers, and a program to purchase submarginal land owned by poor farmers and resettle them in group farms on land more suitable for efficient farming. Reactionary critics, including the Farm Bureau, strongly opposed the FSA as an alleged experiment in collectivizing agriculture—that is, in bringing farmers together to work on large government-owned farms using modern techniques under the supervision of experts. After the Conservative coalition took control of Congress, it transformed the FSA into a program to help poor farmers buy land, and that program continues to operate in the 21st century as the Farmers Home Administration. Origins Walker Evans portrait of Allie Mae Burroughs (1936) Arthur Rothstein photograph "Dust Bowl Cimarron County, Oklahoma" of a farmer and two sons during a dust storm in Cimarron County, Oklahoma (1936) Dorothea Lange photograph of an Arkansas squatter of three years near Bakersfield, California (1935) The projects that were combined in 1935 to form the Resettlement Administration (RA) started in 1933 as an assortment of programs tried out by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The RA was headed by Rexford Tugwell, an economic advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[3] However, Tugwell's goal moving 650,000 people into 100,000,000 acres (400,000 km2) of exhausted, worn-out land was unpopular among the majority in Congress.[3] This goal seemed socialistic to some and threatened to deprive powerful farm proprietors of their tenant workforce.[3] The RA was thus left with only enough resources to relocate a few thousand people from 9 million acres (36,000 km2) and build several greenbelt cities,[3] which planners admired as models for a cooperative future that never arrived.[3] The main focus of the RA was to now build relief camps in California for migratory workers, especially refugees from the drought-stricken Dust Bowl of the Southwest.[3] This move was resisted by a large share of Californians, who did not want destitute migrants to settle in their midst.[3] The RA managed to construct 95 camps that gave migrants unaccustomed clean quarters with running water and other amenities,[3] but the 75,000 people who had the benefit of these camps were a small share of those in need and could only stay temporarily.[3] After facing enormous criticism for his poor management of the RA, Tugwell resigned in 1936.[3] On January 1, 1937,[4] with hopes of making the RA more effective, the RA was transferred to the Department of Agriculture through executive order 7530.[4] On July 22, 1937,[5] Congress passed the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act.[5] This law authorized a modest credit program to assist tenant farmers to purchase land,[5] and it was the culmination of a long effort to secure legislation for their benefit.[5] Following the passage of the act, Congress passed the Farm Security Act into law. The Farm Security Act officially transformed the RA into the Farm Security Administration (FSA).[3] The FSA expanded through funds given by the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act.[3] Relief work One of the activities performed by the RA and FSA was the buying out of small farms that were not economically viable, and the setting up of 34 subsistence homestead communities, in which groups of farmers lived together under the guidance of government experts and worked a common area. They were not allowed to purchase their farms for fear that they would fall back into inefficient practices not guided by RA and FSA experts.[6] The Dust Bowl in the Great Plains displaced thousands of tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and laborers, many of whom (known as "Okies" or "Arkies") moved on to California. The FSA operated camps for them, such as Weedpatch Camp as depicted in The Grapes of Wrath. The RA and the FSA gave educational aid to 455,000 farm families during the period 1936-1943. In June, 1936, Roosevelt wrote: "You are right about the farmers who suffer through their own fault... I wish you would have a talk with Tugwell about what he is doing to educate this type of farmer to become self-sustaining. During the past year, his organization has made 104,000 farm families practically self-sustaining by supervision and education along practical lines. That is a pretty good record!"[7] The FSA's primary mission was not to aid farm production or prices. Roosevelt's agricultural policy had, in fact, been to try to decrease agricultural production to increase prices. When production was discouraged, though, the tenant farmers and small holders suffered most by not being able to ship enough to market to pay rents. Many renters wanted money to buy farms, but the Agriculture Department realized there already were too many farmers, and did not have a program for farm purchases. Instead, they used education to help the poor stretch their money further. Congress, however, demanded that the FSA help tenant farmers purchase farms, and purchase loans of $191 million were made, which were eventually repaid. A much larger program was $778 million in loans (at effective rates of about 1% interest) to 950,000 tenant farmers. The goal was to make the farmer more efficient so the loans were used for new machinery, trucks, or animals, or to repay old debts. At all times, the borrower was closely advised by a government agent. Family needs were on the agenda, as the FSA set up a health insurance program and taught farm wives how to cook and raise children. Upward of a third of the amount was never repaid, as the tenants moved to much better opportunities in the cities.[8] The FSA was also one of the authorities administering relief efforts in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico during the Great Depression. Between 1938 and 1945, under the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration, it oversaw the purchase of 590 farms with the intent of distributing land to working and middle-class Puerto Ricans.[9] Modernization The FSA resettlement communities appear in the literature as efforts to ameliorate the wretched condition of southern sharecroppers and tenants, but those evicted to make way for the new settlers are virtually invisible in the historic record. The resettlement projects were part of larger efforts to modernize rural America. The removal of former tenants and their replacement by FSA clients in the lower Mississippi alluvial plain—the Delta—reveals core elements of New Deal modernizing policies. The key concepts that guided the FSA's tenant removals were: the definition of rural poverty as rooted in the problem of tenancy; the belief that economic success entailed particular cultural practices and social forms; and the commitment by those with political power to gain local support. These assumptions undergirded acceptance of racial segregation and the criteria used to select new settlers. Alternatives could only become visible through political or legal action—capacities sharecroppers seldom had. In succeeding decades, though, these modernizing assumptions created conditions for Delta African Americans on resettlement projects to challenge white supremacy.[10] FSA and its contribution to society The documentary photography genre describes photographs that would work as a time capsule for evidence in the future or a certain method that a person can use for a frame of reference. Facts presented in a photograph can speak for themselves after the viewer gets time to analyze it. The motto of the FSA was simply, as Beaumont Newhall insists, "not to inform us, but to move us."[citation needed] Those photographers wanted the government to move and give a hand to the people, as they were completely neglected and overlooked, thus they decided to start taking photographs in a style that we today call "documentary photography." The FSA photography has been influential due to its realist point of view, and because it works as a frame of reference and an educational tool from which later generations could learn. Society has benefited and will benefit from it for more years to come, as this photography can unveil the ambiguous and question the conditions that are taking place.[11] Photography program The RA and FSA are well known for the influence of their photography program, 1935–1944. Photographers and writers were hired to report and document the plight of poor farmers. The Information Division (ID) of the FSA was responsible for providing educational materials and press information to the public. Under Roy Stryker, the ID of the FSA adopted a goal of "introducing America to Americans." Many of the most famous Depression-era photographers were fostered by the FSA project. Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, and Gordon Parks were three of the most famous FSA alumni.[12] The FSA was also cited in Gordon Parks' autobiographical novel, A Choice of Weapons. The FSA's photography was one of the first large-scale visual documentations of the lives of African-Americans.[13] These images were widely disseminated through the Twelve Million Black Voices collection, published in October 1941, which combined FSA photographs selected by Edwin Rosskam and text by author and poet Richard Wright. Photographers Fifteen photographers (ordered by year of hire) would produce the bulk of work on this project. Their diverse, visual documentation elevated government's mission from the "relocation" tactics of a Resettlement Administration to strategic solutions which would depend on America recognizing rural and already poor Americans, facing death by depression and dust. FSA photographers: Arthur Rothstein (1935), Theodor Jung (1935), Ben Shahn (1935), Walker Evans (1935), Dorothea Lange (1935), Carl Mydans (1935), Russell Lee (1936), Marion Post Wolcott (1936), John Vachon (1936, photo assignments began in 1938), Jack Delano (1940), John Collier (1941), Marjory Collins (1941), Louise Rosskam (1941), Gordon Parks (1942) and Esther Bubley (1942). With America's entry into World War II, FSA would focus on a different kind of relocation as orders were issued for internment of Japanese Americans. FSA photographers would be transferred to the Office of War Information during the last years of the war and completely disbanded at the war's end. Photographers like Howard R. Hollem, Alfred T. Palmer, Arthur Siegel and OWI's Chief of Photographers John Rous were working in OWI before FSA's reorganization there. As a result of both teams coming under one unit name, these other individuals are sometimes associated with RA-FSA's pre-war images of American life. Though collectively credited with thousands of Library of Congress images, military ordered, positive-spin assignments like these four received starting in 1942, should be separately considered from pre-war, depression triggered imagery. FSA photographers were able to take time to study local circumstances and discuss editorial approaches with each other before capturing that first image. Each one talented in her or his own right, equal credit belongs to Roy Stryker who recognized, hired and empowered that talent. John Collier Jr. John Collier Jr.   Jack Delano Jack Delano   Walker Evans Walker Evans   Dorothea Lange Dorothea Lange   Russell Lee Russell Lee   Carl Mydans Carl Mydans   Gordon Parks Gordon Parks   Arthur Rothstein Arthur Rothstein   John Vachon John Vachon   Marion Post Wolcott Marion Post Wolcott These 15 photographers, some shown above, all played a significant role, not only in producing images for this project, but also in molding the resulting images in the final project through conversations held between the group members. The photographers produced images that breathed a humanistic social visual catalyst of the sort found in novels, theatrical productions, and music of the time. Their images are now regarded as a "national treasure" in the United States, which is why this project is regarded as a work of art.[14] Photograph of Chicago's rail yards by Jack Delano, circa 1943 Together with John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath (not a government project) and documentary prose (for example Walker Evans and James Agee's Let Us Now Praise Famous Men), the FSA photography project is most responsible for creating the image of the Depression in the United States. Many of the images appeared in popular magazines. The photographers were under instruction from Washington, DC, as to what overall impression the New Deal wanted to portray. Stryker's agenda focused on his faith in social engineering, the poor conditions among tenant cotton farmers, and the very poor conditions among migrant farm workers; above all, he was committed to social reform through New Deal intervention in people's lives. Stryker demanded photographs that "related people to the land and vice versa" because these photographs reinforced the RA's position that poverty could be controlled by "changing land practices." Though Stryker did not dictate to his photographers how they should compose the shots, he did send them lists of desirable themes, for example, "church", "court day", and "barns". Stryker sought photographs of migratory workers that would tell a story about how they lived day-to-day. He asked Dorothea Lange to emphasize cooking, sleeping, praying, and socializing.[15] RA-FSA made 250,000 images of rural poverty. Fewer than half of those images survive and are housed in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. The library has placed all 164,000 developed negatives online.[16] From these, some 77,000 different finished photographic prints were originally made for the press, plus 644 color images, from 1600 negatives. Documentary films The RA also funded two documentary films by Pare Lorentz: The Plow That Broke the Plains, about the creation of the Dust Bowl, and The River, about the importance of the Mississippi River. The films were deemed "culturally significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. World War II activities During World War II, the FSA was assigned to work under the purview of the Wartime Civil Control Administration, a subagency of the War Relocation Authority. These agencies were responsible for relocating Japanese Americans from their homes on the West Coast to Internment camps. The FSA controlled the agricultural part of the evacuation. Starting in March 1942 they were responsible for transferring the farms owned and operated by Japanese Americans to alternate operators. They were given the dual mandate of ensuring fair compensation for Japanese Americans, and for maintaining correct use of the agricultural land. During this period, Lawrence Hewes Jr was the regional director and in charge of these activities.[17] Reformers ousted; Farmers Home Administration After the war started and millions of factory jobs in the cities were unfilled, no need for FSA remained.[citation needed] In late 1942, Roosevelt moved the housing programs to the National Housing Agency, and in 1943, Congress greatly reduced FSA's activities. The photographic unit was subsumed by the Office of War Information for one year, then disbanded. Finally in 1946, all the social reformers had left and FSA was replaced by a new agency, the Farmers Home Administration, which had the goal of helping finance farm purchases by tenants—and especially by war veterans—with no personal oversight by experts. It became part of Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty in the 1960s, with a greatly expanded budget to facilitate loans to low-income rural families and cooperatives, injecting $4.2 billion into rural America.[18] The Great Depression The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession. Although the country spent two months with declining GDP, the effects of a declining economy were not felt until the Wall Street Crash in October 1929, and a major worldwide economic downturn ensued. Although its causes are still uncertain and controversial, the net effect was a sudden and general loss of confidence in the economic future and a reduction in living standards for most ordinary Americans. The market crash highlighted a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits for industrial firms, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth.[19]

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